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Knowing how much energy your building uses and where it is being used is essential to any strategy to reduce energy usage. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2005.11.007.A majority of buildings do not employ energy metering beyond the mandatory utility company meters. "After-Hours Power Status of Office Equipment in the USA" (PDF). "Field Surveys of Office Equipment Operating Patterns". "Savings Estimates for the ENERGY STAR® Voluntary Labeling Program".
#Ashrae 90.1 plug loads update
(2009), Update to Measurements of Office Equipment Heat Gain Data, Final Report, ASHRAE Research Project RP-148
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Heating a space with electric heating is environmentally less effective than using the electricity for heat pumps, however if the electricity is being consumed anyway this is not a factor. However, when heating is needed, waste heat from plug loads also supplies part of the energy requirement for heating. Office equipment and other plug loads emit heat which may require the building to supply additional cooling, a side-effect which contributes to total energy consumption. One confounding factor with estimating plug load energy use is the discrepancy between the rated or nameplate energy power consumption and the actual average power consumption, which can be as little as 10-15% of the nameplate value. The Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS), a national sample survey project of the US Energy Information Administration, reported that based on 2003 data, 19% of the total energy of US office buildings is attributed to plug load energy use (office equipment, computers, and other energy use). In 1999, the US Department of Energy projected that office equipment would be the fastest-growing commercial end use between 19. "Receptacle loads" has been defined as equipment loads normally served through electrical receptacles, such as office equipment and printers, but does not include either task lighting or equipment used for HVAC purposes. It typically includes office and general miscellaneous equipment, computers, elevators and escalators, kitchen cooking and refrigeration, laundry washing and drying, lighting exempt from the lighting power allowance, and other energy uses. "Process energy" is defined as energy consumed in support of a manufacturing, industrial, or commercial process other than conditioning spaces and maintaining comfort and amenities for the occupants of a building. Plug loads are often synonymous with terms such as "receptacle loads", "miscellaneous loads", "unregulated loads", or "process energy/loads." While many building codes/standards haven't defined "plug loads" specifically, they have defined these related terms, which are usually broader energy use categories.